One of the most disruptive impacts of quantum computing is on cryptography. Traditional encryption methods, such as RSA and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography), rely on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers—something quantum computers can break efficiently using Shor’s algorithm.

To counter this, researchers are developing post-quantum cryptography (PQC), including lattice-based cryptography, which remains secure against quantum attacks. Governments and organizations like NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) are actively working on standardizing quantum-resistant encryption methods.

Another breakthrough is quantum key distribution (QKD), a security method that leverages quantum entanglement and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to ensure tamper-proof communication. QKD-based networks, like China’s Micius satellite and IBM’s QKD experiments, demonstrate the potential for an ultra-secure quantum internet.